Final answer:
Cornelius Van Til is the philosopher who refers to his position as "dynamic fideism," which associates knowledge with faith in the context of Christianity and Holy Scripture. His work exemplifies the ongoing debate within philosophy about the relationship between faith and reason, which has been a topic since the time of Augustine, Aquinas, and Calvin.
Step-by-step explanation:
The philosopher who refers to his position as "dynamic fideism" and emphasizes knowledge as inextricably related to faith through the work of Jesus Christ and Holy Scripture is Cornelius Van Til. Dynamic fideism is a view of faith that sees it as fundamentally connected to the pursuit of knowledge, rather than being in opposition to it. Van Til built upon the works of theologians such as Augustine and Calvin, integrating the concept of faith into the philosophical examination of knowledge and truth.
The discussion on faith and knowledge traces back to theologians like Augustine of Hippo and philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas, who have long wrestled with the relationship between beliefs, faith, and the foundation of knowledge. The complexities of scriptural interpretation and the divine influence on human morality have also been debated by thinkers like John Calvin with his doctrine of predestination, which assumes the absence of free will based on divine omniscience.
The challenge of integrating these religious ideas with philosophy persists into contemporary discussions, whether it be skepticism about the existence of God seen in Logical Positivists, or the engagement with religious themes found in Continental Philosophy. Philosophers from various eras, including Immanuel Kant with his transcendental idealism, have weighed in on how preconceived knowledge shapes our perception of new information, and by extension, how prior faith can impact our quest for understanding.