Final answer:
The correct order from longest to shortest geologic time segments is eons, eras, periods, and epochs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The geologic time scale segments from longest to shortest are as follows: eons, eras, periods, and epochs. Therefore, the correct order is eons, which are the largest divisions such as the Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic; followed by the smaller eras like Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic; then periods, which further subdivide eras; and finally epochs, which are the smallest standard divisions marking specific stages within periods.
Answer: (a) eons, eras, periods, epochs.