Final answer:
For the passage of most ordinary laws, a simple majority, more than 50% of a chamber's membership plus one, is necessary. A supermajority, which is often a two-thirds majority, is required for more significant decisions such as constitutional amendments, overriding presidential vetoes, and calling early elections.
Step-by-step explanation:
Regarding how much of a vote is necessary in the General Assembly for the passage of bills, the typical requirement for the passage of ordinary laws is a simple majority. This rule aligns with the principle of majority rule, implying that more than 50% of the chamber's membership plus one member is needed for legislation to pass. Hence, the answer to the review question about the percentage of the vote required to pass most ordinary laws is d. 50 percent + 1 vote. However, in certain cases such as constitutional amendments, early elections, and overriding a presidential veto, a supermajority is required. For instance, the override of a presidential veto mandates a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. Similarly, changes to the constitution or calling for early elections can require supermajorities, ranging from three-fifths to two-thirds of the legislature's members, depending on the country's specific rules. In the United States Senate, due to the tradition of a filibuster, a cloture motion requiring 60 senators to vote in favor is essential to halt debate and allow a vote on the legislation. This creates a de facto supermajority requirement for the passage of most legislation in the Senate.