Final answer:
The rhythmic throbbing felt in peripheral blood vessels is called the pulse, which reflects the heartbeat and is an important vital sign for assessing the body's basic functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rhythmic throbbing that can be felt in the peripheral blood vessels is known as the pulse. This physical sensation corresponds to the heartbeat and indicates the rate at which the heart is pumping blood throughout the body. Vital signs, including pulse, body temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure, are crucial for assessing the body's basic functions and can indicate the presence of disease. For example, a pulse rate outside of the normal range of 60-100 beats per minute may suggest an underlying health issue.