Final answer:
Microaggressions refer to everyday instances of subtle discrimination based on race, color, or ethnicity. Institutional racism is the systemic disadvantage faced by minority groups due to embedded racist policies in institutions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The assaults that individuals receive on a regular basis solely because of their race, color, or ethnicity are referred to as microaggressions. These are everyday instances of minor, often subtle, prejudice and discrimination that send negative and dismissive messages to individuals based on their marginalized group membership, such as race or ethnicity.
For example, a person may receive a microaggression when they are told they speak English well for someone of their race, implying that their proficiency is surprising given their racial background. Another example is when individuals are repeatedly questioned about their nationality, suggesting that they do not truly belong in the country they are in.
Institutional racism is another concept that involves social and political institutions operating in ways that systematically disadvantage racial minority groups. It refers to the embedding of racist laws, policies, and practices within institutions, such as in the criminal justice system where racial profiling may take place.