Final answer:
According to Bok, acts of whistle-blowing are characterized by violations of trust, betrayal of loyalty, and potential harm.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Bok, the three elements that lend acts of whistle-blowing special urgency and bitterness are violations of trust, betrayal of loyalty, and potential harm. Whistle-blowing often involves exposing wrongdoing or misconduct within an organization, which can lead to a breach of trust between the whistle-blower and their colleagues or superiors. This act of exposing the wrongdoing can also be seen as a betrayal of loyalty to the organization. Additionally, whistle-blowing can have potential harmful consequences for the whistle-blower, such as retaliation or loss of employment.