Final answer:
Integrity is seen by Calhoun as both a personal virtue, grounded in individual conscience and reason, and a social virtue, influenced by social instincts and important for community flourishing. It encompasses one's private moral convictions and social responsibilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Calhoun, integrity is considered both a personal and social virtue. In the context of personal virtue, individual conscience, guided by reason, is regarded as the ultimate judge of moral actions. This demonstrates that integrity is rooted in personal convictions and ethical reasoning. On the other hand, the development of moral sense and virtues is greatly influenced by social instincts, such as sympathy, which are seen as essential to the flourishing of the community. The social aspect of integrity is underscored by the belief that an individual's well-being is tied to the well-being of the society at large. Therefore, integrity is not only about personal principles but also about maintaining positive social relations, establishing political friendships, and contributing to the overall good of the community.