Final answer:
Claiming to have known you would score 100% on an exam after the fact is an example of hindsight bias, a cognitive bias where past events seem more predictable than they actually were, influenced by memory reconstruction and the desire for predictability.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you say, "I knew I was going to get a 100% on the exam," after actually getting a perfect score, you are demonstrating hindsight bias. This cognitive bias involves the belief that an event, once it has occurred, was predictable, despite there likely being no reasonable basis to predict such an outcome beforehand. It's the classic "I knew it all along" phenomenon. There are several possible reasons why people experience hindsight bias, including the reconstructive nature of memory, the desire to see the world as predictable and controllable, and the tendency to create coherent narratives in hindsight.
Hindsight bias can be deceptive because it often leads us to overestimate our ability to predict events, which could affect our decision-making and judgment in future scenarios. Understanding how hindsight bias operates is essential for maintaining a realistic assessment of our own knowledge and capabilities.