Final answer:
The term for a language disorder known for accompanying cognitive symptoms is aphasia. This condition is associated with damage to brain areas that control language processing, such as Broca's or Wernicke's areas, and can lead to difficulties with language production and comprehension.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a language disorder known for concomitant cognitive symptoms is aphasia. Aphasia can manifest as a difficulty in producing or understanding language and is often associated with brain injuries or strokes that affect specific areas in the left hemisphere of the brain. The major language areas include Broca's area, involved in speech production, and Wernicke's area, which is implicated in language comprehension. When these areas are damaged, along with the white matter connections between them, various forms of aphasia occur. For example, when a patient with receptive aphasia (also known as Wernicke's aphasia) is asked "What is your name?" and responds with incomprehension, this suggests an impairment in the ability to understand received language.
Furthermore, when evaluating aphasias related to damage in specific brain regions, two significant concepts, praxis and gnosis, come into play. Praxis is the ability to execute motor actions, while gnosis is the perception and recognition of sensory information, both of which can include language components. Aphasia can lead to problems with verbal commands that relate to motor responses (praxis) or associating names with objects (gnosis). Damage to specific brain areas like the insula and the middle and inferior temporal lobe can result in deficits of verbs (V impairment) or nouns (N impairment), respectively.
To answer the student's quiz questions: Aphasia is the term for a language disorder known for accompanying cognitive symptoms, which would be an answer to both the student's question and the quiz question referencing the inability to understand language.