Data that changes discretely through a finite set of possible values is known as Discrete data. It differs from Continuous data which can take on an infinite number of values within a range as a result of measurement.
The term that refers to data which changes discretely through a finite set of possible values is c) Discrete data. Discrete data is the result of counting, taking on only certain numerical values. For example, the number of times per week you do something is quantitative discrete data, as it can only be a whole number.
On the other hand, duration (amount of time) is typically quantitative continuous data since it can include fractions and decimals and varies continuously. Continuous data are the results of measurements like time, weight, or lengths, and they cannot be counted but measured.
In conclusion, the key distinction between discrete and continuous data lies in their ability to take on values. Discrete can only be integers from counting, while continuous can take on an infinite number of values within a range.