Final answer:
Scientists determined the gender of the Romanov family's remains through forensic anthropology techniques, analyzing DNA and specifically the sex chromosomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The gender of each deceased individual from the highly decayed bones thought to belong to the Romanov family was determined by scientists using forensic anthropology techniques. This method includes analyzing DNA evidence, specifically looking at the sex chromosomes (X and Y chromosomes), which can reveal the sex of the individuals even when the bones are highly decayed. This type of analysis is crucial in situations where traditional methods such as studying the morphology of the skeleton are not possible due to the condition of the remains.