Final answer:
The False Claims Act contains guidelines for the determination of monetary damages in billing practices, imposing liability on individuals and companies who defraud governmental programs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options given, the False Claims Act contains guidelines for the determination of monetary damages concerning billing practices. This law addresses fraud involving any federally funded contract or program, with the exception of tax fraud. Its main purpose is to impose liability on individuals and companies who defraud governmental programs. The Act includes a "qui tam" provision that allows people who are not affiliated with the government to file actions on behalf of the government (informally called "whistleblowing") in cases of suspected fraud.
On the other hand, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is more concerned with the protection of patient health information and ensuring data privacy. The Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) primarily deals with the administration of Medicare benefits, including the introduction of prescription drug coverage for Medicare beneficiaries. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act focuses on financial transparency and accountability, mainly for publicly traded companies. While these acts may indirectly influence billing practices due to their requirements for accurate reporting and privacy concerns, they do not specifically provide guidelines on monetary damages for fraudulent billing.