Final answer:
Herrnstein and Murray were most notably influenced by Galton's eugenics, which focuses on the selective breeding of humans to enhance genetic traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Herrnstein and Murray were strongly influenced by D) Galton's eugenics. Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, was a significant proponent of the idea of eugenics, which is the practice of selectively breeding humans to improve the genetic composition of the population. This concept is closely tied to the idea of inherited intelligence and other traits, which played a central role in Herrnstein and Murray's controversial work, such as in their book 'The Bell Curve'. Although other options like Darwin's theory of evolution (A) and Skinner's behaviorism (B) had an impact on the broad field of psychology and understanding of human behavior, it was Galton's eugenics that most directly influenced their stance on intelligence and its heritability.