Final answer:
The Epsom Derby is the renowned horse race established in 1780, which still holds a significant place in the equestrian world. Eadweard Muybridge's later work in the 19th century advanced the study of equine movement, particularly through the Galloping Horse photographic sequence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The famous horse race that was run for the first time in 1780 is the Epsom Derby. This prestigious event has been held annually at Epsom Downs in Surrey, England, and continues to be one of the most prominent races in the horse racing calendar. Established by the 12th Earl of Derby, the race is for three-year-old thoroughbreds and covers a distance of one mile, four furlongs, and six yards.
While the Epsom Derby was first run in the 18th century, advancements in the study of horse motion, such as those by Eadweard Muybridge, would not come until the late 19th century. Muybridge's work, particularly his Galloping Horse sequence from 1878, helped to settle the question of whether a galloping horse ever lifts all four feet off the ground simultaneously.