Final answer:
All cognitive processes of language, memory, and perception involve inferential processes to some degree, thus making inferences a fundamental component in each area.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question revolves around whether language, memory, and perception each involve the use of inferences. In this context, an inference can be understood as the processing of information or deduction of meaning that goes beyond the immediate information given. Looking at the breadth of cognitive psychology research, it's evident that all three cognitive processes—language, memory, and perception—do involve inferential processes to some degree.
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, for instance, suggests that the language we speak can influence the way we think and perceive the world. This would imply that inferences play a significant role in language processing as we must often infer meaning beyond the literal words used, based on context, culture, and other factors. Similarly, memory involves inferring connections between stored information to make sense of past experiences or decide what to remember. And perception also relies on inferences as the brain interprets sensory data to construct a representation of the surrounding environment.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is:
Option d: No, language, memory, and perception all involve inferences to some extent.