Final answer:
Behavior that occurs in response to similar stimuli without additional training is called stimulus generalization. It is the capability of an organism to react to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus from its original training.
Step-by-step explanation:
Behavior that occurs in response to similar stimuli without additional training is known as stimulus generalization. This process is defined by an organism's tendency to exhibit the conditioned response to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus, even though the similar stimuli have not been associated directly with the unconditioned stimulus. For instance, after conditioning, if a dog has been trained to salivate at the sound of a bell that signals food, it may also salivate in response to other bells or tones that sound similar to the original conditioned stimulus. This occurs regardless of the similar stimuli not being directly associated with food. Stimulus discrimination, on the other hand, would involve the organism learning to differentiate between the conditioned stimulus and other similar stimuli, displaying the conditioned response only in the presence of the conditioned stimulus.