Final answer:
The answer to the schoolwork question is 'c) Retraction', both for the act of changing one's mind and formally taking back something previously said.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you change your mind and take back something you said previously, that's a retraction. If a politician says something offensive, he'll sometimes issue a formal retraction later. The term retraction refers to the act of withdrawing a statement or accusation as incorrect or untruthful. It's the acknowledgement that a previous statement was in error and is now taken back. For instance, if a politician were to make a claim that is later proven false, they might issue a retraction, formally withdrawing the false statement. This can be seen as an example of practicing the art of rhetoric, where one learns to craft, defend, and revise one's statements and positions.