Final answer:
The non-parametric equivalent of a one-way ANOVA is the Kruskal-Wallis test, which is used to assess differences between medians of three or more independent groups when normal distribution and equal variances assumptions are not met.
Step-by-step explanation:
The non-parametric equivalent of a one-way ANOVA, which is used to test if multiple group means are equal when populations are normally distributed, is the Kruskal-Wallis test. This test is used when the assumptions for a one-way ANOVA, especially the assumption of normality, are not met. Therefore, the correct answer to the given question is c) Kruskal-Wallis test.
The Kruskal-Wallis test determines if there are statistically significant differences between the medians of three or more independent groups. Unlike one-way ANOVA that tests for differences in means and requires normal distribution and equal variances, the Kruskal-Wallis test is more robust against non-normal distributions and it is appropriate for ordinal data or when the assumptions of ANOVA are not met.