Final answer:
The correct answer is B) Codon of mRNA. This codon determines the specific amino acid that tRNA brings to the growing polypeptide chain during the translation process.
Step-by-step explanation:
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide or protein depends on the codon of mRNA. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is crucial in this process as it brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome by matching their anticodons with the codons on the mRNA strand. The anticodon of tRNA is a sequence of three bases that is complementary to the mRNA codon. For instance, if there is a CUA codon in mRNA, a tRNA with the anticodon GAU, which carries leucine, will bind to it. In this way, tRNA matches the genetic code from the mRNA to ensure the correct amino acids are added sequentially to the growing polypeptide chain.