Final answer:
Water-soluble polyphenolic compounds found in sorghum grains, lentils, and other legume seeds are known as antioxidant enzymes or defense proteins, which help the plants defend against pathogens and might have health benefits for humans.
Step-by-step explanation:
A diverse group of water-soluble polyphenolic compounds typically found in sorghum grains, lentils, and other legume seeds are called antioxidant enzymes or defense proteins. These compounds play various roles, including defending plants against pests and diseases. For instance, in cowpea roots challenged with the pathogen Meloydogine incognita, the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and leghemoglobin increases as a defense mechanism. Legumes like peas, soybeans, and beans are known for their health benefits, including legumes having compounds that are effective in treating conditions such as cancer. This is due to their rich profile of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, fibers, and proteins, which makes them a significant focus in the field of nutritional biology and health studies.11