Question

A chromosome is made up of two molecules. These molecules include one long DNA molecule that wraps itself around carbohydrates. What are these molecules called?

A) RNA and lipids
B) DNA and proteins
C) DNA and RNA
D) DNA and histones

Answer 1

The molecules that a chromosome is made of are DNA and histones. DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, and this structure allows the compact organization of DNA within the cell nucleus. Hence, the correct answer to the question provided is D) DNA and histones.

Step-by-step explanation:

The molecules that make up a chromosome and wrap around carbohydrates (specifically histone proteins) are known as DNA and histones. DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, consists of two strands formed into a double helix. The DNA polymer is coiled around proteins called histones to form structures known as nucleosomes. This packaging allows long DNA molecules to be compacted and organized within the cell nucleus.

Each nucleotide that makes up DNA is composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. These nucleotides link together in a chain through a sugar-phosphate backbone with the bases on the inside. The structure of chromosomes is further organized into chromatin, which consists of DNA wrapped around histone proteins, forming nucleosomes. Chromosomes are vital for the storage and transmission of genetic information, guiding cellular functions and heredity.