Final answer:
Activities allowing detailed system description to solve a need are called systems design, including creating a design architecture to relate functions to physical components for prototyping.
Step-by-step explanation:
The activities that enable a person to describe in detail the system that solves the need are called systems design. This phase involves the development of the design architecture, which is the assignment of the functional elements of the product to the physical building blocks of the product. During systems design, the team establishes shapes, dimensions, materials, and processes, leading to a detailed design that can be prototyped. Systems design ensures that every aspect of the product is thought through, leading to an effective solution for the design problem.