Final answer:
A performance measurement involves comparing actual physical progress to planned data, which is done through Earned Value Analysis in project management.
Step-by-step explanation:
A performance measurement involves comparing actual physical progress to date with planned data. This concept is key in project management and is mostly associated with the practice of assessing project performance and progress. Among the options provided, Earned Value Analysis (EVA) is the term that specifically includes comparing the planned work with what has actually been accomplished to understand if project performance is on track. EVA integrates project scope, cost, and schedule measures to help project managers assess project progress and performance.
Variance Analysis is often involved in budgeting and financial management, Trend Analysis is used to look at historical data points to predict future activity, and Performance Measurement is a broader term that might encompass different methods of evaluating project performance, including EVA.