Final answer:
Population viability analysis (PVA) can test various effects, such as the bottleneck effect caused by natural disasters. It is a quantitative method used to predict extinction risk and make informed management decisions. PVA utilizes count-based, demographic, metapopulation, and genetic approaches.
Step-by-step explanation:
Population viability analysis (PVA) is a quantitative method used to predict the extinction risk of a population. It can be used to test various effects, such as the bottleneck effect caused by natural disasters. PVA can estimate the minimum viable population size required for long-term persistence, identify important life stages or demographic processes for conservation, determine the number of individuals needed for reintroduction, and more. PVA utilizes count-based, demographic, metapopulation, and genetic approaches to assess extinction risk and make informed management decisions.