Final answer:
To alleviate toricity observed in topography from a spherical lens, shapes and materials of lenses can be adjusted using cylindrical corrections for astigmatism, GRIN lenses for aberration corrections, and computing techniques for post-capture image editing.
Step-by-step explanation:
If on topography, you observe regular or irregular toricity from a spherical lens, this can be alleviated by changing the lens's shape or the material's refractive index. Aberrations such as astigmatism are corrected by using lenses with specially shaped surfaces or cylindrical lenses with the opposite irregularity to that of the eye. In addition, advancements in materials science have led to the creation of graded index (GRIN) lenses, which have a range of refractive indices and are useful in correcting various optical aberrations.
For instance, in the case of astigmatism, eyeglasses with a cylindrical correction are used to correct the uneven focus. Furthermore, to achieve image clarity and manage issues like spherical aberration, multiple elements within camera lenses and adjustments in lens diameters are employed. Also, squinting or using a small hole can make objects appear sharper due to the reduction in aberrations.