Final answer:
The dendrite is the part of the nerve that receives and reads chemical signals from other nerves, facilitating the transmission of electrical signals throughout the nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the nerve that receives and reads chemical signals from other nerves to transmit the electrical signals through the brain and nervous system is the dendrite. Dendrites are branching extensions of the neuron's soma (cell body) that serve as input sites where they receive signals from other neurons. These signals are then transmitted electrically across the soma and down the axon, which ends in multiple axon terminals. The axon terminals contain synaptic vesicles that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system. The synapse is the gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another, where neurotransmitters are released to facilitate transmission of the electrical signal to the next neuron.