Final answer:
The answer is B. IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials) which send signals to calm the brain by hyperpolarizing neurons, often through neurotransmitters like GABA. Dopamine binding to receptors increases cAMP levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student asked about chemicals that send signals to calm the brain down and create balance. The correct answer to this question is B. IPSP, which stands for inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. These signals hyperpolarize the neuron, making it less likely to fire an action potential. They bring the balance to the brain's activity levels by inhibiting overstimulated neurons, often through neurotransmitters like GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which opens Cl- channels allowing Cl- ions to enter the cell and hyperpolarize the membrane.
In terms of the neurotransmitter dopamine, when it binds to its receptor, it typically leads to an increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (b. cAMP). Dopamine binding to its receptor activates a G-protein-coupled receptor pathway which then leads to the production of cAMP from ATP by the enzyme adenylate cyclase.