Final answer:
Tallow is the by-product used in various industrial products such as oils, lubricants, soaps, and glycerin, obtained during the saponification process where triglycerides are hydrolyzed with a base to make soap.
Step-by-step explanation:
The by-product used in various industrial products such as oils, lubricants, soaps, and glycerin is obtained from the hydrolysis of fats and oils during the soap-making process. When triglycerides are hydrolyzed in the presence of a base, a reaction called saponification occurs. The most common base used for saponification is either sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Among the options provided, tallow is the correct answer, as tallow is a form of rendered fat from animals and is used in the production of soap. During saponification, fats and oils are treated with a base, leading to the formation of glycerol and salts of fatty acids (soaps).
Glycerin or glycerol is a valuable by-product of soap making. The process splits triglycerides into fatty acid salts (soaps) and glycerin. Glycerin is then used in various products due to its moisturizing properties and is found in items such as skin lotions, cosmetics, and liquid soaps. Furthermore, its derivative, nitroglycerin, is used in explosives like dynamite.