Final answer:
The city-state described is Sparta, known for its militaristic society and training its citizens as soldiers from a young age, significantly contributing to Greece's protection during the Greco-Persian wars and being widely recognized for its military capabilities.a) Athens
Step-by-step explanation:
The city-state known for being a militaristic society with citizens trained as soldiers from youth, playing a crucial role in the protection of Greece during the Greco-Persian wars, and respected as a military power is Sparta. Sparta’s intense military training and societal structure were geared toward creating a disciplined and formidable army, which they are best remembered for. The Spartan way of life revolved around preparing for warfare, and their military prowess was acknowledged by their contemporaries across Greece, including their rival, Athens.
Sparta's contributions to the protection of Greece during the Greco-Persian wars and their respected military power indicate their distinctive focus on militaristic strength. Unlike democratic Athens, Sparta was an oligarchy with a strong emphasis on military training and excellence. This approach made it unique among the Greek city-states and placed it often at odds with the more culturally and politically progressive city-state of Athens. Their divergent paths would famously lead to the Peloponnesian War, where the militaristic Spartans and the democratic Athenians fought for dominance over the Greek world.