Final answer:
Geologists specialize in the study of the Earth and its composition, while soil scientists focus specifically on the soil composition. Geology encompasses a vast field that looks at the Earth's structure and processes, and soil science integrates technologies like GIS for detailed analysis of the land. The chemistry of the Earth is also an essential component, with studies on structural and compositional aspects of the planet.
Step-by-step explanation:
Individuals who specialize in the study of the Earth and its composition are known as geologists. Geology is the scientific discipline that involves the examination of the Earth's crust and the various processes that have sculpted its surface throughout history. By delving into topics such as plate tectonics and the Earth's various layers, including the core, mantle, and crust, geologists gain insights into the formation of features like mountains, valleys, volcanoes, continents, and ocean basins. Discoveries in geology have been instrumental in our understanding of the Earth's structure, mineral resources, and the effects of environmental changes.
Soil scientists also contribute significantly to the study of the Earth's composition, specifically focusing on the horizons and composition of soil. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) notes the importance of a soil scientist's keen observation skills for analyzing different types of soils and geographical areas. Moreover, soil science benefits from the integration of technologies like aerial photography, satellite imagery, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to help understand and manage the Earth's landforms and resources effectively.
Understanding the chemistry of the Earth involves studying the structural and compositional aspects of the planet, such as silicates, metals, ores, and the challenges associated with Earth's dwindling resources. These aspects are critical for both academic research and practical applications that affect our stewardship of the planet.