Final answer:
The printing press was the first invention among the options provided, with early movable type printing developed by Bi Sheng in China around 1040 CE and later significantly improved by Johannes Gutenberg in Europe around 1440.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first invention among the printing press, computer, and mobile phone was the printing press. Early forms of movable type were invented in China by Bi Sheng around 1040 CE, using porcelain for characters and later copper metal type for printing paper money. However, it was around 1440 when the German inventor Johannes Gutenberg developed a more efficient version of the movable-type printing press in Europe, leading to a significant increase in book production and a decrease in illiteracy. His press used metal blocks for each letter and his famous printed Bible set in motion the printing revolution. This technological innovation preceded both the invention of the computer and the mobile phone by centuries.