Final answer:
For evaluating liver function, the most commonly used test markers are ALT, AST, ALP, and Bilirubin. ALT is more liver-specific and greatly increases in acute liver damage, whereas AST is less specific due to its presence in other tissues. ALP can indicate bile duct issues, and Bilirubin levels are elevated in jaundice.
Step-by-step explanation:
The current test of choice for evaluating liver function includes several markers, among which are ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase), and Bilirubin. These parameters can be part of a comprehensive liver function test to diagnose and monitor liver health. While each of these markers provides valuable information, ALT is a more specific enzyme to the liver and is used primarily to detect liver inflammation or damage. AST is another enzyme that, although it is found in the liver, is also present in red cells, cardiac, and skeletal muscles making it less specific to the liver. However, the AST/ALT ratio can be useful in differentiating causes of liver damage. ALP levels can indicate bile duct problems and are also influenced by bone growth or diseases like Paget's disease. Bilirubin levels increase in cases of jaundice and can be indicative of liver dysfunction as well.
It's important to note that in acute liver damage, such as that caused by viral hepatitis or an overdose of paracetamol, ALT levels can rise significantly. This makes ALT a significant marker when there is a suspicion of acute liver problems.