Final answer:
Urinalysis is conducted to assess kidney function, detect urinary tract infections, monitor diabetes, and confirm pregnancy. It involves chemical and microscopic analyses to identify abnormal substances and levels of various cells and chemicals in the urine, revealing important health information.
Step-by-step explanation:
Performing a urinalysis is an essential part of diagnosing and monitoring various health conditions. Four of the main reasons to perform a urinalysis include: Kidney function assessment, the detection of urinary tract infections (UTIs), Diabetes monitoring, and pregnancy confirmation. These tests are crucial for determining the proper approach to a patient's health and can provide quick and significant insights.
Kidney function is assessed by measuring substances such as proteins, glucose, and the acidity/alkalinity (pH) of the urine, as well as examining cellular elements like red and white blood cells. Testing for UTIs is achieved by detecting the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, and nitrites in urine. Monitoring diabetes involves examining urine for glucose levels, which high levels can indicate less than ideal diabetes control. Lastly, pregnancy can often be confirmed by detecting the presence of the hormone hCG in the urine.
In addition to the above, a urinalysis may identify abnormal levels of chemicals or cells that can indicate various conditions. For instance, high levels of albumin might indicate kidney failure or infection, while the presence of red blood cells could signify a more serious urinary system disorder.