Final answer:
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development outlines five stages: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional, each with two sub-stages. In each stage, individuals develop a different level of moral reasoning based on their understanding of rules, approval from others, and universal ethical principles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development outlines five stages of moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional, each with two sub-stages. In the preconventional stage, individuals are guided by self-interest and avoiding punishment. The first sub-stage is obedience and punishment orientation, where individuals focus on avoiding punishment. The second sub-stage is instrumental relativist orientation, where individuals understand that different people have different perspectives and will act in their own self-interest.
In the conventional stage, individuals start to seek the approval of others and follow rules and societal norms. The third sub-stage is interpersonal concordance orientation, where individuals try to be good in order to please others and maintain relationships. The fourth sub-stage is law and order orientation, where individuals believe in following the rules and maintaining social order for the greater good.
In the postconventional stage, individuals develop their own moral principles based on universal ethical principles. The fifth sub-stage is social contract orientation, where individuals recognize that rules are agreed upon by society and can be changed if they are not beneficial. The sixth sub-stage is universal ethical principles orientation, where individuals have developed their own internal set of values and principles that supersede societal rules.