Final answer:
Retribution focuses on punishment for past crimes, while deterrence aims to prevent future crimes through fear of punishment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Retribution and deterrence are two different approaches to punishment in the criminal justice system.
Retribution focuses on punishing an individual for their past crimes. It is based on the idea of getting even or seeking revenge for the harm caused by the offender. This approach aims to provide a sense of justice for the victim and the society.
Deterrence, on the other hand, aims to prevent future crimes by discouraging potential offenders through the fear of punishment. It operates on the assumption that the severity and certainty of punishment will deter individuals from engaging in criminal behavior.
While retribution focuses on punishment for the sake of justice, deterrence focuses on preventing future crimes by creating a fear of consequences.