Final answer:
Suboptimal arousal theory suggests that individuals seek to maintain an optimal level of physiological arousal, with deviations leading to compensatory behaviors, which could include criminal activity to adjust arousal levels. Biological correlations, such as reduced electrodermal activity and limbic system dysfunctions, support the theory's relevance in understanding the biological bases of crime.
Step-by-step explanation:
Suboptimal arousal theory postulates that individuals have a unique optimal level of arousal and that deviations from this level can result in behaviors meant to correct the imbalance. In the context of the biological bases of crime, this theory suggests that individuals who have chronically low levels of physiological arousal might engage in criminal activities to seek stimulation and raise their arousal to an optimal level. Conversely, those with excessive arousal may commit crimes in an attempt to decrease this excitation.
The theory is supported by research indicating that certain biological anomalies, such as reduced electrodermal activity, have been associated with increased propensity for psychopathic traits in adolescents, as found in the study by Fung et al. (2005). Moreover, structures within the limbic system, including the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, are implicated in motivational aspects that might lead to criminal behavior when dysregulated. This aligns with the broader concept that environmental and genetic factors can both contribute to crime by influencing an individual's physiological state.