Final answer:
Macaulay Duration, Modified Duration, Effective Duration, and Dollar Duration are all measures used to quantify the duration of a zero-coupon bond or liability.
Step-by-step explanation:
Macaulay Duration is the weighted average time period that it takes to receive the present value of the cash flows from a zero-coupon bond or liability. It measures how long it takes to recover the initial investment in terms of present value.
Modified Duration is a modified form of Macaulay Duration that takes into account the sensitivity of a bond or liability to changes in yield. It is used to estimate the percentage change in price for a one percentage point change in yield.
Effective Duration is a measure that accounts for changes in both yield and cash flows, making it a more accurate representation of the duration of a zero-coupon bond or liability in the presence of yield changes. It calculates the percentage change in price for a given change in yield, taking into consideration any embedded options.
Dollar Duration, also known as price value of a basis point (PVBP), measures the change in the price of a bond or liability for a one basis point change in yield. It is calculated by multiplying the modified duration by the initial price.