Final answer:
The correct answer is (a) Axon, which is the part of a neuron responsible for carrying electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or muscles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The long slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body is called an axon. An axon functions as a transmission line for nerve impulses and can be insulated by a myelin sheath, which is similar to the insulation on electrical wires. This sheath helps to accelerate the transmission of electrical signals. Axons branch out at their ends into axon terminals, where they form synapses with other cells, including neurons and muscle cells, to communicate through neurotransmitters.
When comparing options provided in the question, (a) Axon is the correct answer, as (b) Dendrites are responsible for receiving electrical signals, (c) Synapses are the junctions that allow signals to pass to other cells, and (d) Myelin sheath serves as insulation for axons.