Final answer:
The Netherlands is the nation with the tallest people on average. Spain established the first colonies in the Americas starting with Christopher Columbus' voyages in 1492.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nation with the tallest people on average is B. The Netherlands. Various studies and data, including those from organizations like the World Health Organization, have indicated that Dutch people are, on average, the tallest in the world. It is important to note that these findings are averages and individual heights can vary widely.
Regarding the establishment of the first colonies in the Americas, the correct answer is C. Spain. Christopher Columbus, under the auspices of the Spanish Crown, established the first European settlements in the New World during his voyages starting in 1492. Soon after, the Spanish began to establish permanent colonies, which were the earliest European settlements in the Americas.