Final answer:
John Locke was an English philosopher whose works, including the 'Two Treatises of Government', emphasized natural rights like life, liberty, and property, and the idea of popular sovereignty.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Locke was a seminal figure in the development of political philosophy and a leading proponent of the Enlightenment. His ideas on social contract theory and natural rights, such as life, liberty, and property, are outlined in his influential work Two Treatises of Government. In this text, Locke argued against the divine right of kings and for the concept of popular sovereignty, where government exists by consent of the governed. Moreover, Locke's writings on natural rights and government by consent had a profound impact on later thinkers and political movements, notably influencing the foundations of modern democratic societies.