Final answer:
William Sheldon discovered three body shapes: endomorphs, who are rounder; mesomorphs, who are muscular; and ectomorphs, who are slim. However, his theory linking these body types to personality traits has been discredited.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three types of body shapes that William Sheldon discovered are endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph. Sheldon was a psychologist who, in the 1940s, proposed a theory linking human body types with temperaments. According to his theory:
- Endomorphs are characterized by a rounder, more fat-prone body structure, which he associated with a sociable and relaxed personality.
- Mesomorphs have a more muscular and well-built body, which was linked to being energetic and assertive.
- Ectomorphs are slim and linear in appearance, and were thought to be more introverted and anxious.
It's important to note that his theory, known as somatotype theory, has been largely discredited in modern science, as it overly simplifies human behavior and physical diversity.