Final answer:
Recent archaeological evidence suggests that Stonehenge served as an ancient astronomical observatory, aligning with significant celestial events such as solstices and moon phases, supporting seasonal agricultural activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the various theories proposed concerning the purpose of Stonehenge, recent archaeological evidence supports the idea that it served as an ancient astronomical observatory. This prehistoric monument located in England, built between 3000 and 1000 B.C., includes specific stones that align with the position of the sun during the summer and winter solstices, as well as the rising and setting of the moon during certain days of the year. These alignments suggest that the site was used to track celestial events and could have functioned as a rudimentary astronomical calendar, aiding early agrarian societies in adapting to seasonal changes critical for farming.
While some scholars have also considered the possibility that Stonehenge marked a graveyard or had other ritualistic or funerary purposes, the observations of celestial phenomena remain the most widely accepted interpretation today. The massive effort required to build Stonehenge, indicated by its complex construction and the transportation of large stones from great distances, implies the coordination and dedication of a sophisticated society with strong leadership.