Final answer:
Positivism is a scientific approach in sociology that emphasizes factual evidence and logic in understanding human behavior. It focuses on examining the individual ('actor') and their context rather than just the behavior ('act'). This philosophy also impacts acting techniques, advocating for a sincere and subjective portrayal of characters by focusing outwardly, aligning with Constantin Stanislavski's method of psychological realism.
Step-by-step explanation:
When we consider the statement, 'Focus on the actor, not the act,' in the context of Positivism, we're essentially discussing a key principle of sociological inquiry. Positivism is a scientific approach to the study of society that advocates for the use of empirical evidence and logic to understand and explain human behavior. The phrase underscores the importance of examining the individual (the 'actor') who engages in behavior, rather than just the behavior itself (the 'act').
In contrast to positivist approaches, Anti positivism suggests that social researchers should aim for subjectivity to understand social phenomena, as the context of an action is significant. This involves acknowledging the actor-observer bias, where we tend to attribute others' actions to their personalities while excusing our own based on circumstances. These concepts influence various disciplines, including the methods actors use to deliver authentic performances on stage, as taught by Constantin Stanislavski and his psychological realism approach. Stanislavski advocated that actors should immerse themselves in the characters' experiences, thinking and responding in line with the character's perspective - a technique meant to bring forth spontaneous and believable reactions.
The application of Positivism to acting involves the performer actively processing new information gathered from the behavior of others and the unfolding events around them, rather than preoccupying themselves with their own perceptions or emotions. This outward focus is emphasized by Declan Donnellan in 'The Actor and The Target,' where a concentrated awareness intent on influencing external factors is crucial for unblocked acting. Ultimately, the approach aims to produce genuine and immersive performances.