Final answer:
Trained individuals generally have a higher maximum heart rate than untrained individuals. Regular exercise improves the efficiency of the heart, allowing it to pump more blood with fewer beats. This leads to a higher maximum heart rate.
Step-by-step explanation:
Trained individuals typically have a higher maximum heart rate compared to untrained individuals. Regular exercise increases the efficiency of the heart, allowing it to pump more blood with fewer beats. This leads to a higher maximum heart rate. For example, top cardiovascular athletes can achieve even higher maximum heart rates compared to non-athletes. At peak performance, their resting cardiac output can increase by 7-8 times.