Final answer:
In the U.S. system, if the upper house (the Senate) refuses to pass a bill, the bill may be sent back for reconsideration or potentially vetoed by the President. If the President vetoes it, a two-thirds majority in both houses is required to override the veto. Otherwise, the bill can become law without the President's signature if they take no action for ten days, provided Congress remains in session.
Step-by-step explanation:
If the Upper house refuses to pass a bill that has been passed by the lower house, none of the provided options directly apply, as the system described seems to pertain to the United States, where legislation needs approval by both the House of Representatives and the Senate before being sent to the President. If the President chooses to veto the bill, it can only become law if two-thirds of both the House and the Senate vote to override the veto. If the President does not sign or veto the bill within ten days, excluding Sundays, and Congress is in session, the bill automatically becomes law.
Specific to the given options, the closest analogy to the U.S. system is that if a type of upper house (the Senate) rejects a bill, the legislation would be sent back for reconsideration in the originating chamber (the House of Representatives). If the President vetoes the bill, a two-thirds majority in both houses is required to overturn the veto. If the President neither signs nor vetoes the bill for ten days while Congress is in session, the bill becomes law without the President's signature.
It is important to note that the options provided do not perfectly match the processes outlined in the U.S. legislative system. In particular, the judiciary is not involved in the legislative process of bill passage, and the reference to Section 57 and a Governor-General suggests a different system entirely, such as that of Australia.