Final answer:
Insanity, necessity, and self-defence can all be used as partial defences in criminal law. Accident is not typically considered a partial defence but rather a lack of criminal intent.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of partial defences arises in criminal law. Of the options provided, insanity, necessity, and self-defence can be used as partial defences, depending on the jurisdiction and the specific circumstances of a case. Accident is usually considered an absence of mens rea (criminal intent) rather than a partial defence.Insanity as a partial defence could lead to a finding of diminished responsibility in some jurisdictions, potentially reducing a charge from murder to manslaughter. Necessity can sometimes justify actions that would otherwise be criminal, if performed to prevent greater harm. Similarly, self-defence is recognized when a person uses reasonable force to defend themselves or another from an imminent threat.