Final answer:
The sacrament that empowers a bishop to govern within the Church is Holy Orders. This sacrament is distinct from others such as Holy Matrimony and Anointing of the Sick, as it specifically confers the authority to perform sacred rites and lead within the church structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sacrament that bestows upon a bishop the power to govern within the Church hierarchy is C) Holy Orders. During the process of Holy Orders, vows are taken by new members of the clergy, which include bishops, priests, and deacons. This sacrament is crucial because it is through Holy Orders that a person is consecrated and given the authority to perform religious rites and lead within the structure of the Church.
It is important to note that the other sacraments, like Holy Matrimony and Anointing of the Sick, fulfill different roles and do not bestow the same kind of governing authority as Holy Orders. The teachings of the Church suggest that although all baptized Christians share in the common priesthood, only those who have received Holy Orders hold the ministerial priesthood which confers the capacity to act as a representative leader in spiritual matters.