Final answer:
The correct option for the use of an independent third person in dispute resolution who makes a binding decision is arbitration. Arbitration is part of a fair and effective dispute resolution process, distinguishing it from negotiation, mediation, and conciliation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The use in dispute resolution of an independent third person who considers the merits of each case and then makes a decision is known as arbitration. Unlike negotiation, where parties work together to come to a resolution, or mediation and conciliation, where a third party facilitates a resolution that the parties agree upon, arbitration involves a neutral third party making a binding decision. Arbitrators are typically chosen because they possess expertise in the area relevant to the dispute and are expected to be fair and impartial. The decision made by an arbitrator is typically final and legally binding unless all parties have agreed to appeal.
Accessible and impartial dispute resolution is crucial for delivering justice. Neutral decision-makers should have adequate resources, be ethical, and reflect the communities they serve. This ensures that arbitration and other dispute-resolution processes are fair and effective.
In the case of international disputes, such as those before the International Court of Justice, the matters typically involve disputes between countries, not private citizens or individual perpetrators of human rights abuses.