Final answer:
Inheritance is the OOP concept that enables a specialized class to be derived from a more general class, adopting its properties and methods.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question deals with a concept from object-oriented programming (OOP) related to the types of relationships between classes. Specifically, it asks which relationship allows a specialized class to become more general. The correct answer to this is Option 1: Inheritance.
Inheritance is a fundamental principle of OOP that allows a new class, known as a derived or child class, to adopt the attributes and behaviors of another class, referred to as the base or parent class. This relationship is what enables a specialized class to be generalized; the child class inherits the properties and methods of the parent class and can also have its own additional features.
For instance, consider a parent class Animal with properties like age and methods like eat(). A specialized class, Dog, can inherit from Animal and also include additional features specific to dogs, such as a breed property. This illustrates the concept of inheritance by generalizing the Dog class from the more general Animal class.