Final answer:
Forgetting learned information can result from encoding failures, interference (both retroactive and proactive), and the natural process of memory decay over time as described by the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve. Strategies to help enhance memory retention include the use of mnemonic devices and maintaining a healthy sleep schedule.
Step-by-step explanation:
Why We Forget Things We've Learned
The phenomenon of forgetting what we've learned is a common occurrence that can be attributed to various factors. One significant factor is encoding failure, where information does not get stored in long-term memory because it was not adequately encoded at the initial stage. For example, you might not recall the details of a U.S. penny because you never paid enough attention to encode those features into your memory.
Another contributor to forgetting is interference, which can take two forms: proactive interference, where old information prevents the recall of newer learning, and retroactive interference, where new information overshadows old data. Additionally, the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve demonstrates how newly learned information can fade quickly over time, following a pattern of rapid initial loss that then levels out.
There are strategies to enhance memory, such as using mnemonic devices, rehearsal, self-referencing, and ensuring adequate sleep. These strategies can help counteract the natural decline in memory recall efficiency that we all experience.